Eighteen hundred Department for Education civil servants are set to vote on whether to strike over Michael Gove's "ideological" cuts.
Mr Gove wants to scrap 1,000 jobs and shut six offices.
And civil servants' union PCS will also ballot its 250,000 public-sector members from February 8.
It said that bosses have refused talks on pay, pensions and working conditions.
PCS revealed last week that the department's bosses had played party games when deciding on the 50 per cent cuts.
General secretary Mark Serwotka said: "Mr Gove is playing politics with people's livelihoods and the education of our children and future generations.
"These ideological cuts will not only mean misery for 1,000 of Mr Gove's own staff but also put at risk some vital public services, such as ensuring children are safe at school and supporting special educational needs."
As Aslef's annual assembly of delegates begins in Edinburgh tomorrow the general secretary explains the challenges his members - and workers across the country - face