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How will China build a ‘modern socialist state by 2049?’
Since the 20th CPC Congress, 'socialist modernisation with Chinese characteristics' is the goal — meaning the West now has few lessons to teach. In the third and final part of the series, JENNY CLEGG looks at how China will increasingly carve its own path
Chinese astronauts Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu wave as they attend a send-off ceremony ahead of the Shenzhou-15 manned space mission at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China on Tuesday, November 29, 2022

ACCORDING to Walt Rostow’s infamous 1960s work, A Non-Communist Manifesto, society passes through five stages of development with technology, entrepreneurialism, individualism and competition as the key drivers.

China would appear now to be transitioning through Stage 4: the drive to maturity — a long period of sustained growth and structural change with modern technology extending across the economy, poverty falling, and an increasingly urbanised workforce.  “Infrastructure and communications, education and the media, professionalism, progress to high levels with more effective leadership of a population realising new opportunities as they strive to make the most of their lives.”

Stage 5: the age of mass consumption then reaches the wealth levels of the West — citizens, hardly remembering the subsistence struggles of previous stages, live in comfort, and spend their days enjoying the arts and music.

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